Roundtrip latency in digital-audio applications is the amount of time it takes for a signal, such as a singing voice or a face-melting guitar solo, to get from an analog input on an audio interface, through the analog-to-digital converters, into a DAW, back to the interface, and through the digital-to-analog converters to the analog outputs.
It is this amount of delay that we must battle constantly when recording and monitoring digitally. However, by around 12 to 15 ms (depending on the listener), you will start to “feel” the effects of a delayed signal. Studies have shown that sound reflections in an acoustic space must be delayed by 20 to 30 ms before your brain will perceive them as separate. Your brain is wired so that it doesn’t notice if sounds are delayed 3 to 10 milliseconds. In the audio world, “latency” is another word for “delay.” It’s the time it takes for the sound from the front-of-house speakers at an outdoor festival to reach you on your picnic blanket, or the time it takes for your finger to strike a piano key, for the key to move the hammer, for the hammer to strike the string, and for the sound to reach your ear.
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